Mexican boy names
Mexico has run two naming traditions side by side for five centuries. One arrived with the friars — Juan, José, Alejandro, a saint for every day on the calendar. The other was already here: Nahuatl is a living language with well over 1.6 million speakers, and Cuauhtémoc, Tenoch and Tonatiuh go on ordinary birth certificates. This page is about what boys in Mexico are actually called. Spanish names covers the language wherever it is spoken, and the origins index has the rest of the world.
Mexican names in the U.S. top 100
Nine names standard in Mexico hold real places in the SSA's 2025 national top 100. Look at the origin tags and you can see how the Mexican list is assembled: a Roman martyr, a Hebrew archangel's neighbour, a Breton import and a pilgrim road, all of them long since naturalised.
- #8Mateomah-TEH-ohSpanish
Gift of God. The Spanish Matthew, and the highest-placed Spanish name on the American list by a wide margin.
- #16Sebastianse-BAS-chunLatin
Venerable, revered — from the city of Sebaste. Written Sebastián in Mexico, where it has been a fixture for a generation and shortens to Seba.
- #26Santiagosan-tee-AH-gohSpanish
Saint James: the title and the name fused into one word, then handed to a city, a pilgrim road and several million boys.
- #67ÁngelAHN-helGreek
Messenger. An unremarkable man's name in Spanish and a startling one in English, which means the SSA is counting two quite different populations under one entry.
- #84AdrielAY-dree-elHebrew
Flock of God; on another reading, God is my help. A minor figure in the book of Samuel whose name Latin America revived from almost nothing.
- #86Gaelgah-ELBreton & French
Blessed and generous, by way of Breton Gwenaël. Mexico adopted it in the 2000s and now uses it more than Brittany does.
- #91Leonardolay-oh-NAR-dohItalian
Lion-strong. Italian by birth and thoroughly Mexican by adoption; Leo and Leoño do the shortening.
- #94Emilianoeh-mee-lee-AH-noSpanish
Of the Aemilius clan. Emiliano Zapata put the name in every Mexican schoolbook, and the revival that followed is a century old.
- #95Josého-SEHSpanish & Portuguese
He will add — Rachel's pun in Genesis 30. The backbone of the Spanish compound name: José Luis, José Antonio, José María.
Traditional names
Until 1859 a Mexican child was named from the saints' calendar, because the parish held the register. The Reform Laws moved registration to the state and opened the list to everything else, but the calendar names never went anywhere. A few here — Ricardo, Rodrigo — are Visigothic rather than Latin, absorbed by Spain long before Spain crossed the Atlantic.
- JuanHWAHNSpanish
God is gracious. One syllable, never two, and probably the most-given name in Mexican history — Juan Diego and the apparitions at Tepeyac in 1531 are most of the reason.
- Jesúsheh-SOOSSpanish
The Lord is salvation. An everyday Mexican name, given in veneration rather than in presumption, and answered to as Chuy.
- Miguelmee-GELSpanish & Portuguese
Who is like God? — a question, not a boast. The archangel is the patron of a great many Mexican parishes.
- LuisLWEESSpanish
Renowned warrior. Two vowels and a consonant, said as one beat; the compound José Luis is commoner than the bare name.
- Alejandroah-leh-HAHN-drohSpanish
Defender of men. Never the name of a particular decade in Mexico, and ordinary in every one of them — the quiet definition of a classic.
- Antonioan-TOH-nyohSpanish & Italian
An ancient Roman family name of unknown, probably Etruscan, sense. St Anthony of Padua carried it everywhere the Franciscans went.
- Felipefeh-LEE-pehSpanish
Lover of horses. Felipe de Jesús, crucified at Nagasaki in 1597, was the first saint born in Mexico and is the patron of its capital.
- Eduardoeh-DWAR-dohSpanish & Portuguese
Guardian of wealth. An English royal name that Spanish took whole and Mexican Spanish shortened, unrecognisably, to Lalo.
- JorgeHOR-hehSpanish
Farmer, worker of the earth. Two jotas' worth of throat in three letters of spelling.
- PedroPEH-drohSpanish & Portuguese
Rock. The apostle's nickname rather than his name, and the only nickname in the New Testament that outlived the man's own.
- Ricardoree-KAR-dohSpanish & Portuguese
Brave ruler; hard in the ruling. Germanic in origin, Iberian by the time it reached Mexico.
- Rodrigoroh-DREE-gohSpanish & Portuguese
Famous ruler. The Visigothic Roderic; in Spain it belongs to the Cid, in Mexico simply to a long line of Rodrigos.
- Salvadorsahl-bah-DORSpanish & Portuguese
Saviour — a title before anyone wore it as a name. Shortened to Chava, which keeps almost none of the original.
- Vicentebee-SEN-tehSpanish & Portuguese
Conquering, prevailing. Vicente Guerrero, the insurgent general, gave his name to a Mexican state and abolished slavery there in 1829.
Nahuatl names given today
These are not revivals and not costume. More than 1.6 million people reported speaking Nahuatl in Mexico's 2020 census, making it the country's largest indigenous language, so the pronunciation is inherited rather than reconstructed. Two spelling notes while you read them: the letter x is an English sh, which is why Méxica is meh-SHEE-kah, and the final -tl is a single sound, never “tull”.
- Cuauhtémockwow-TEH-mokNahuatl
Descending eagle, from cuāuhtli (eagle) and temo (to come down) — not a perched bird but a diving one. The last ruler of Tenochtitlan, and a respected choice in Mexico ever since.
- TenochTEH-nochNahuatl
Stone prickly pear, from tetl and nochtli. That cactus, with its eagle, is the centre of the Mexican flag: Tenochtitlan means “place of the stone prickly pear”.
- Tonatiuhtoh-nah-TYOONahuatl
He who goes forth shining. The same word serves as the ordinary noun for the sun and as the name of the deity who carries it, which is a theology rather than a coincidence.
Nahuatl names that belong to history
Keep these separate from the three above, because the difference is real. Mexico honours this set on banknotes, boroughs, metro stations and municipalities, and does not put it on birth certificates.
- Itzcóatleets-KOH-atlNahuatl
Obsidian serpent — a snake with a blade's edge. Fourth tlatoani of Tenochtitlan, whose Triple Alliance of 1428 is what later writers called the Aztec Empire.
- Nezahualcóyotlneh-sah-wahl-KOH-yotlNahuatl
Fasting coyote. The engineer, lawgiver and poet who ruled Texcoco from 1431; his verse and his portrait shared Mexico's hundred-peso note for years.
- Moctezumamok-teh-SOO-mahNahuatl
He frowns like a lord. Two rulers bore it and the second met Cortés; in modern Mexico it survives as a surname and a place name.
Everyday in Mexico, rare north of the border
Names an American is unlikely to have met and a Mexican would not look at twice. Several of them are recent arrivals from further south — the taste of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay has been moving north since the 1990s.
- Maximilianomahk-see-mee-LYAH-nohMexican
The greatest. Five syllables, currently one of the most-given boys' names in Mexico, and given in spite of the Habsburg emperor every Mexican schoolchild can name.
- Matíasmah-TEE-ahsSpanish
The gift of Yahweh — the apostle chosen by lot in Acts 1, not the evangelist. A Southern Cone favourite that Mexico picked up wholesale.
- Tadeotah-DEH-ohSpanish
An Aramaic byname of uncertain sense. What it carries in Mexico is San Judas Tadeo, patron of lost causes, whose monthly crowds in Mexico City are enormous and strikingly young.
- Ulisesoo-LEE-sesSpanish
Homer's Odysseus, by way of Etruscan and Latin Ulixes. English quarantines its classical names; Spanish never did, and Aquiles, Homero and Virgilio are live too.
- Benitobeh-NEE-tohSpanish
Blessed — literally, well spoken of, and not a diminutive despite the ending. In Mexico the name means Benito Juárez and very little else.
- Ignacioeeg-NAH-syohSpanish
A Roman family name of uncertain sense, and not from the Latin for fire, whatever the Jesuit-school posters say. Nacho is the short form.
- Estebanes-TEH-bahnSpanish
Crown, wreath — the garland given to a victor. The Spanish Stephen, and one of the few names on this page an English speaker can decode unaided.
How Mexican naming works
A Mexican name is often two words behaving as one. José Luis, Juan Carlos, Juan Pablo and José Antonio are compounds, not a first name with a middle name attached: call a Juan Carlos “Juan” and you have addressed somebody else, and the clipped forms that grow on them — Juanjo, Juanca, Juanpa — treat the pair as a single word. The surnames follow a rule as well. Every Mexican carries two, the father's first surname and then the mother's, so Emiliano Zapata Salazar was a Zapata on one side and a Salazar on the other. Neither is a middle name, neither is dropped at marriage, and the maternal one is the piece that quietly disappears from American paperwork.
Then everybody gets shortened, and Spanish does not so much shorten a name as rebuild it from the rubble. José becomes Pepe, Jesús becomes Chuy, Eduardo becomes Lalo, Francisco becomes Pancho or Paco, Salvador becomes Chava — pairings with almost no sound in common, fixed by long use and understood by everyone in the room. Jesús deserves its own line, because it stops English speakers cold. Spanish Catholic practice treats a devotional name as veneration, not as a claim: you place a child under a title of the faith the way you would place him under a saint, which is the same logic that produces Salvador, Cruz and Ángel. English-speaking Christianity reached the opposite convention out of the same reverence, and reserved the name. Nobody in Mexico hears a claim about the child. They hear a name, said heh-SOOS, answered to at the door as Chuy.